Canna Cannasol 'Happy Cleo'
from $11.95
Canna 'Happy Cleo' - The Cannasol family is made specifically for pots. Happy Cleo has orange blooms and green leaves.. It will be a new one for us this year as we love a couple oother of the Happy series.
They provide blooms until frost and grow only to 22" in height. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 7. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
18" - 22" tall
USDA Zones 7-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Cannasol 'Happy Emily'
from $11.95
Canna 'Happy Emily'
The Cannasol family is made specifically for pots. They provide blooms until frost and grow only to 22" in height. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 7. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
18" - 22" tall
USDA Zones 7-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Cannasol 'Happy Isabel'
from $11.95
Canna 'Happy Isabel' is a wonderful flower that is deep pink in color. A very rare color for cannas and stays full all summer long. It is from the popualr virus free stock and is sought after for its nonstop blooms.
The Cannasol family is made specifically for pots. They provide blooms until frost and grow only to 22" in height. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 7. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
18" - 22" tall
USDA Zones 7-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Color is Dark Pink
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Cannasol 'Happy Julia'
from $11.95
Canna 'Happy Julia' - The Cannasol family is made specifically for pots. Happy Julia has red blooms and is a brown leaf canna. It will be a new one for us this season. They provide blooms until frost and grow only to 22" in height. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 7. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
18" - 22" tall
USDA Zones 7-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Cannasol 'Happy Wilma'
from $11.95
Canna 'Happy Wilma' - The Cannasol family is made specifically for pots. Happy Wilma has pink blooms and mutli-colored leaves of brown and green. It will be a new one for us.
They provide blooms until frost and grow only to 22" in height. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 7. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
18" - 22" tall
USDA Zones 7-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Tall 'Stuttgart'
from $12.95
Canna Tall 'Stuttgart' Lily
The 'Stuttgart' Canna blooms are yellow with red-orange throats. The foliage is variegated green and white The foliage is very neat and the leaves themselves are worth growing the plant for. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 8. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
40-60" tall
USDA Zones 8-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Tall brown-leaf 'Wyoming'
from $8.95
Canna Tall brown-leaf 'Wyoming'
The 'Wyoming 'Canna blooms are orange. The dark brown (almost black) foliage accents the blooms. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 8. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
32"-38" tall
USDA Zones 8-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Tall green-leaf 'Richard Wallace'
from $8.95
Canna Tall green-leaf 'Richard Wallace'
The 'Richard Wallace 'Canna blooms are bright yellow. The blooms sit atop lush green foliage. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 8. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
32"-40" tall
USDA Zones 8-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Tall green-leaf 'Salmon Beauty'
from $8.95
Canna Tall green-leaf 'Salmon Beauty'
The 'Salmon Beauty 'Canna are beautiful salmon (pink-orange) blooms that sit above green foliage. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents. We don't have a picture I can publish yet so if you have one, please share it with us or if interested we can send it to you.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 8. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
32"-40" tall
USDA Zones 8-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Tall striped 'Phaison'
from $17.95
Canna Tall striped 'Phaison' -The 'Phaison' Canna blooms are grow for their leaves - they are so colorful and provide such an array of interest with their colors. They have wonderful orange blooms but its the foliage that everyone is in love with!
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 8. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
48"-72" tall
USDA Zones 8-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Shipping Time: We ship starting in March to May.
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Canna Tall striped 'Pretoria'
from $10.95
Canna Tall striped 'Pretoria'
The ''Pretoria' Canna blooms are orange and are accented by the striped foliage that are great additions to any garden. They are care free and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 8. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
44" - 48" tall
USDA Zones 8-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Shipping Time: We ship starting in March with some availability from our gardens in October and November.
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Cape Lily Album (Crinum powellii Album), 1 Jumbo Bulb
$14.99
Cape Lily Album blooms from mid to late summer. Their bright blooms brighten up shady areas. They are not bothered by wildlife.
They are hardy to USDA Zones 7-11 only and will be need to be lifted or protected in other climates.
Characteristics
24-36" tall
USDA Zones 7-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Blooms all summer
Full Sun to Partial Shade
Additional Information
Great for Borders, Cutting Gardens, and Containers
Deer and rodent resistant
Ships starting in mid to late March
Key Planting Tips
Crinum should be planted 6-8" and space 6-10" apart. Water after planting.
Cape Lily Rosea (Crinum powellii Rosea), 1 Jumbo Bulb
$12.99
$14.99
Cape Lily Album blooms from mid to late summer. The endless pink blooms brighten attract butterflies and hummingbirds.
They are hardy to USDA Zones 7-11 only and will be need to be lifted or protected in other climates.
Characteristics
24-36" tall
USDA Zones 7-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Blooms all summer
Full Sun to Partial Shade
Additional Information
Great for Borders, Cutting Gardens, and Containers
Deer and rodent resistant
Ships starting in mid to late March
Key Planting Tips
Crinum should be planted 6-8" and space 6-10" apart. Water after planting.
Carbonero Lily, (Orientpet or OT Hybrid Lily, DIV VIII Lily), Red Trumpet Lily
from $5.99
2026 Preorder - One of Firefly Farm’s best sellers! Carbonero's Red to Purple blooms are quite the sight. These OT Hybrids or Oriental Trumpet Lily crosses are always popular as the height and color is always welcomed in the garden. They have tall stems almost reaching 48" tall. Orientpets are super hardy and super productive lilies.
Our bulbs are 5” in circumference ( 16-18 cm) which makes them some of the biggest available which means more blooms! it is not uncommon to get 7 blooms the first year.
Oreintpet or OT Hyprids are crosses between Oriental and Trumpet lilies.
USDA Zones 4-9 (Zone 3 with heavy mulch)
Mid-Summer flowering
Bloom Duration: 3 weeks
Cold Hardy
Full Sun
Bloom Color: Red to Purple Red
Additional Information
Great for Mass Planting, Borders, & Cut Gardens.
3.5-4" tall
Ships starting in Mid-March
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun to partial shade, 6” inches deep with the tip pointing up. Space each bulb 4-6" apart. Well drained soil is essential.
Lilies have everything they need to get started, but you can place a teaspoon of bone meal in the soil before planting and use a low nitrogen fertilizer when the first leaves appear in Spring.
Casa Blanca Oriental Lily (Oriental Lilium, Lily Div VII)
from $10.99
Casa Blanca Lilies - A gardener and florist favorite for their perfect white blooms that add beauty and grace to any floral arrangement. They are also welcomed additions to your landscape and gardens.
Oriental Lilies are probably the most popular type of lily. The fragrant blooms are a favorite in summer. They are dependable bloomers year after year as long as you provide fertilizer or rich compost when you plant them, right after they bloom and early spring. The blooms are favorite in cut vases so make sure you plant some extras. Our Mervia' Oriental Lily will make a great addition to any garden, especially night gardens!
Our bulbs are up to 5” in circumference ( 16-18cm) which makes them some of the biggest available.
USDA Zones 3-9
Mid-Summer flowering
Bloom Duration: 3 weeks
Cold Hardy
Full Sun to Partial Shade
Bloom Color: White
Additional Information
Great for Naturalizing, Mass Planting, Borders, Hummingbirds & Cut Gardens.
36-48" Tall
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun to partial shade, 6” inches deep with the tip pointing up. Space each bulb 4-6" apart. Well drained soil is essential. If not planting in early to mid spring, place them in your refrigerator until ready to plant.
Creme de Cassis Dahlia (Decorative or Semi-Dinnerplate)
$12.00
Creme De Cassis Dahlia (Decorative) - Our Creme De Cassis Dahlia is a beautiful lilac color that is rare for dahlias and rare to find in summer and fall gardens. It will grace your gardens and welcome your guests with their bountiful and gorgeous blooms. We will be taking cuttings to offer in 2026 as we want to do this to increase our own root stock for the 2027 season.
Decorative Dahlias are wonderful plants that provide structure and color to any garden with minimal effort. They do rather well in the middle to back of your beds or even in stand-alone rows. They reward gardeners with an abundance of blooms starting in mid to late summer through frost. Typically they are not bothered by diseases and have attractive foliage until frost.
Characteristics
30”-50” in height
Blooms are 5-6” wide
USDA Zones 8-10 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun to Partial Shade
Additional Information
Great for Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting by early April
Key Planting Tips
We plant dahlia tubers 4-6" deep. We add a few alfafla pellets in the hole and backfill with topsoil amended with compost. We space this variety 18" apart. We recommend to simply pinch back the shoots after about 3-4 weeks to encourage branching.
You can amend soil with 10-10-10 or something similar. Just make sure the first number (nitrogen) is 5 or 10. You can fertilize every 4 weeks to help achieve larger blossoms.
For 90% of us, don’t water until your Dahlia sprouts. If your soil is very dry, water the soil first and then let it stand for 30 minutes before planting. Mulch around your plant leaving bare dirt directly above the tuber.
Every tuber is inspected by me (Andre Paquette) and then hand packed for shipment. In case of any issues, we reach our proactively to go over options. If you have any questions hit the Chat with Us Now button simply reach out by email or a phone call.
Dalian Lily, (Orientpet or OT Hybrid Lily, DIV VIII Lily), Red Trumpet Lily
from $5.99
Dalian’s tall 5’ nature with two tome pink blooms js a delight in the garden! m These OT Hybrids or Oriental Trumpet Lily crosses are always popular as the height and color is always welcomed in the garden. They have tall stems almost reaching 60" tall. Orientpets are super hardy and super productive lilies.
Our bulbs are 5” in circumference ( 16-18 cm) which makes them some of the biggest available which means more blooms! it is not uncommon to get 7 blooms the first year.
Oreintpet or OT Hyprids are crosses between Oriental and Trumpet lilies.
USDA Zones 4-9 (Zone 3 with heavy mulch)
Mid-Summer flowering
Bloom Duration: 3 weeks
Cold Hardy
Full Sun
Bloom Color: Red to Purple Red
Additional Information
Great for Mass Planting, Borders, & Cut Gardens.
5’ tall
Ships starting in Mid-March
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun to partial shade, 6” inches deep with the tip pointing up. Space each bulb 4-6" apart. Well drained soil is essential.
Lilies have everything they need to get started, but you can place a teaspoon of bone meal in the soil before planting and use a low nitrogen fertilizer when the first leaves appear in Spring.
Drama Queen Dahlia (Decorative or Semi-Dinnerplate)
$12.00
Drama Queen dahlias yearn for attention! Look at those blooms and you will be dazzled by their color, shape and soemtimes wild form. If you need soemthing to jazz up those beds and arrangements, this is the one for you! We grow all of our own dahlias that we offer.
Dahlias reward gardeners with an abundance of blooms starting in mid to late summer through frost.
Characteristics
30-50” tall (Many people pinch back to encourage a bushier, shorter plant)
Blooms are 6-8” wide
USDA Zones 8-10 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun to Partial Shade
Additional Information
Great for Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting in mid to late March
Key Planting Tips
We plant dahlia tubers 4-6" deep. We add a few alfafla pellets in the hole and backfill with topsoil amended with compost. We space this variety 18" apart. We recommend to simply pinch back the shoots after about 3-4 weeks to encourage branching.
You can amend soil with 10-10-10 or something similar. Just make sure the first number (nitrogen) is 5 or 10. You can fertilize every 4 weeks to help achieve larger blossoms.
For 90% of us, don’t water until your Dahlia sprouts. If your soil is very dry, water the soil first and then let it stand for 30 minutes before planting. Mulch around your plant leaving bare dirt directly above the tuber.
Every tuber is inspected by me (Andre Paquette) and then hand packed for shipment. In case of any issues, we reach our proactively to go over options. If you have any questions hit the Chat with Us Now button simply reach out by email or a phone call.
Eric Neubert Canna, Dwarf Brown-leaf Canna
$5.95
Eric Neubert's bright orange blooms provide wonderful contrasts to their dark leaves. If you are looking for a shorter plant with dark leaves, give this one a try. It will reward you with endless summer blooms.
The 'Eric Neubert' Canna blooms are orange and sit on top of dark leaves. They are carefree and are not bothered by deer, rabbits or other rodents.
Cannas reward you with lush tropical foliage and standout blooms within a very short time period. Cannas are tropical bulbs and will need to be lifted in zones colder than Zone 8. They are easy to store and will bring your years of enjoyment. Cut the flowers for show stopping arrangements as this will help encourage blooms until frost. Canna bulbs are #1 size bulbs, some of the biggest on the market.
Characteristics
24-36" tall
USDA Zones 8-11 (Hardy in these zones, lift and store in winter in other zones)
Summer to Fall
Bloom Duration: Continuous Blooms through frost starting in mid to late summer
Full Sun (some partial shade is ok)
Additional Information
Deer, Rodent, Rabbit and Squirrel Resistant
Great for Specimen, Mass Plantings, Borders, and Cutting Gardens.
Great for butterflies and other pollinators
Ships starting late March (weather dependent)
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun with 6” deep. Space 2' apart. Plant when the soil is 60 degrees, well past any frost danger.
Eyeliner' Lily (LA Hybrid Lily - Longiflorum Asiaticum, Div VIII Lily)
from $11.99
$19.99
Eyeliner has wonderful white blossomes edged or pictoeed with dark edge. It is faint but can be noticed best when paired with other white or light colored flowers.
Our bulbs are 5” in circumference (14-16 cm) which makes them some of the biggest available.
USDA Zones 4-8
Mid-Summer flowering
Bloom Duration: 3 weeks
Cold Hardy
Full Sun
Bloom Color: White
Additional Information
Great for Naturalizing, Mass Planting, Borders, & Cut Gardens.
30-36” tall (growing only 12" their first year but loaded with blooms)
Shipping: We start shipping in February and finish shipping in May or when we run out of our bulbs.
Key Planting Tips
Plant in full sun to partial shade, 6” inches deep with the tip pointing up. Space each bulb 4-6" apart. Well drained soil is essential.
Lilies have everything they need to get started, but you can place a teaspoon of bone meal in the soil before planting and use a low nitrogen fertilizer when the first leaves appear in Spring.